Vitor Lippi*
A regulamentação da Reforma Tributária em análise no Congresso Nacional é um tema de extrema relevância para o Brasil. A complexidade e ineficiência do atual sistema, frequentemente apontado como um dos mais injustos e ineficazes do mundo, carece de uma atualização. A simplificação dos impostos e a eliminação de redundâncias podem aumentar a transparência, reduzir a evasão fiscal e diminuir o custo de conformidade para empresas e indivíduos. Além disso, uma reforma bem estruturada pode promover a justiça fiscal, com garantia de que todos contribuam de maneira equitativa, independentemente de sua renda ou setor de atuação.
Na Câmara dos Deputados, temos observado que os esforços empreendidos buscam um texto justo e equilibrado, capaz de promover um desenvolvimento econômico sustentável. No entanto, é crucial que a legislação considere com cautela a manutenção da competitividade e fortalecimento dos mais diversos modelos de negócios no cenário nacional e global. O impacto sobre o movimento cooperativista no país, por exemplo, precisa ser tratado com muita atenção para evitar uma tributação mais onerosa e prejudique a continuidade de suas atividades.
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Conquista recente, a Emenda Constitucional (EC) 132/2023, garantiu ao movimento maior segurança jurídica ao reconhecer a importância de um tratamento tributário adequado para o ato cooperativo e estabelecer um regime específico de tributação para as cooperativas. A medida era aguardada desde a promulgação da Constituição de 1988, que prevê o estímulo e a apoio ao cooperativismo, mas dependia deste reconhecimento para garantir sua natureza tributária e competitividade.
O Projeto de Lei Complementar (PLP) 68/2024, apresentado pelo governo para regulamentar a EC, contudo, ameaça seriamente estas conquistas. Entre outros pontos, o texto propõe limitações à aplicabilidade do regime específico de tributação das cooperativas e exclui cinco ramos fundamentais: Transporte, Consumo, Agropecuário, Crédito e Saúde. Essa exclusão é preocupante, pois afeta diretamente mais de 19 milhões de pessoas, que podem enfrentar a inviabilidade de suas atividades devido à carga tributária elevada. Um retrocesso que precisa ser evitado.
O impacto sobre as cooperativas de saúde é um dos exemplos inquietantes. Essas organizações fornecem importantes serviços médicos acessíveis e de qualidade a milhões de brasileiros. Presentes em 90% do território nacional, elas atendem mais de 25 milhões de pessoas, garantindo cuidados médicos onde os setores público e privado muitas vezes não chegam. O segmento é responsável por 32% do mercado de saúde suplementar no Brasil e 30% dos médicos brasileiros são cooperados. Além disso, as cooperativas de saúde empregam diretamente mais de 135 mil trabalhadores.
PublicidadeA exclusão do segmento proposta no PLP 68/2024 resultaria em uma carga tributária insustentável para essas cooperativas, ameaçando seu funcionamento e o acesso a serviços de saúde em regiões carentes. Por isso, é fundamental que o texto da lei infraconstitucional deixe claro a não incidência tributária sobre o ato cooperativo e mantenha a neutralidade fiscal da cooperativa por meio da garantia ao crédito das operações anteriores.
O cooperativismo precisa continuar desempenhando seu papel vital na construção de um país mais justo e próspero para todos. Por isso, temos trabalhado e contamos com o apoio dos parlamentares e de toda a sociedade para proteger essa atividade econômica e social tão relevante para o Brasil.
*Vitor Lippi é deputado federal pelo PSDB-SP e coordenador Tributário da Frente Parlamentar do Cooperativismo (Frencoop)
O texto acima expressa a visão de quem o assina, não necessariamente do Congresso em Foco. Se você quer publicar algo sobre o mesmo tema, mas com um diferente ponto de vista, envie sua sugestão de texto para redacao@congressoemfoco.com.br.
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